Bark
Bark is brownish, smooth, blaze cream.
Bark is brownish, smooth, blaze cream.
Alternately arranged leaves are narrow elliptic- oblong, with stalks 0.4-0.9 cm long. Leaves are velvety, 7-18 cm long, 4-8 cm wide, with a tapering tip, wedge-shaped base, and toothed margin.
Flowers are small, yellowish, spherical hairy balls. Male and and female flowers on separate trees, borne in cymes in leaf axils.
Berry is red when ripe, round and fleshy, 1-seeded.
The tree trunk features a dramatic defense mechanism. The base of the trunk is heavily armed with thick, sharp, branched thorns up to 5 cm long to deter ground herbivores. However, as the tree grows taller, the branches higher up often lose their armor completely and become entirely unarmed.
W. & S. India